RESUMO
Background: Understanding the correlation between the methods of monitoring surface cleaning and disinfection (SCD) is fundamental for better infection control. Purpose: This study aims to correlate the SCD monitoring methods in a Brazilian pediatric unit. This is an exploratory, longitudinal, and correlational study. Methods: The study was conducted in a pediatric hospitalization unit of a medium-sized hospital from December 2020 to March 2021. Four high-contact surfaces were analyzed before and after the cleaning and disinfection process by means of visual inspection, quantification of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and colony-forming unit (CFU) count. The study consisted of three stages: stage I involving situational diagnosis of the SCD process; stage II referring to the implementation of the Surface Cleaning and Disinfection Standardization Program (SCDSP); and stage III involving long-term assessment after implementing the program. A total of 192 assessments were performed in each stage, totaling 576 in the three study stages. Conclusions: A significant correlation was found between the ATP quantification methods and microbial count in the bed railing (p = 0.009) and companion's armchair (p = 0.018) surfaces. In both cases, Spearman's correlation coefficients were positive, indicating a positive correlation between ATP and microbial count scores, that is, the higher the ATP values (in RLUs), the greater the microbial counts (in CFUs/cm2). The analysis of the ROC curves suggests that the surfaces presenting ATP below 108 RLUs can be considered approved. The ATP method yielded 78.6% sensitivity; in turn, microbial count presented a sensitivity of 85.7%. It is important to use different methods to monitor the cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, as each one has different sensitivity and specificity.
RESUMO
Introduction: In adolescence, the risk of sexually transmissible diseases has increased, becoming necessary the implementation of prevention measures. Objective: to investigate the impact of the law of compulsory immunization on the immunization coverage against Hepatitis B in adolescents in the municipal district of Maringa-Pr. Method: This is a descriptive-exploratory study, of retrospective character, regarding the number of doses of the vaccine against Hepatitis B administered in the group of 10-19 years of age, from 2001 to 2008. Data was obtained from the records of the bank ?Evaluation of the Immunization Program (EIP) ? municipal module? and analyzed by the statistical tests: Analysis of Variance and Tukey. Results: Statistical difference was observed in the immunization coverage against Hepatitis B before and after the compulsory nature of the immunization certificate, and also among the months with greater interest for the vaccine in the period from October to February, which is school registration time. In the 15-19 year old group, an increase on the immunization coverage was observed from 2004 to 2006, with expressive drop in 2007 and 2008 when the two larger high education institutions ceased to ask for updated immunization records in the registration. Implications on Nursing: The results show the importance of health education for the adolescents and, in the mentioned scenario, the need for discussion of the results found together with the directors of high education institutions, in order to make them aware of the importance of including the immunization records among the documents demanded in the registration.
Introducao: Na adolescencia aumenta o risco de contrair doencas sexualmente transmissiveis, tornando necessaria a implementacao de medidas de prevencao. Objetivo: Investigar o impacto da lei de obrigatoriedade vacinal sobre a cobertura vacinal contra hepatite B em adolescentes no municipio de Maringa - PR. Metodo: Estudo exploratorio-descritivo, de carater retrospectivo, e refere-se ao numero de doses da vacina contra hepatite B administrada na faixa etaria de 10 a 19 anos no periodo de 2001 a 2008. Os dados foram obtidos a partir dos registros no banco ?Avaliacao do Programa de Imunizacao (API) - modulo municipal? e analisados pelos testes estatisticos Analise de Variancia e Tukey. Resultados: Foi observada diferenca estatistica na cobertura vacinal contra hepatite B antes e apos a obrigatoriedade do atestado vacinal e tambem entre os meses, com maior procura pela vacina no periodo de outubro a fevereiro, epoca de matricula nas instituicoes de ensino. Na faixa etaria de 15 a 19 anos foram observados aumento crescente da cobertura vacinal no periodo de 2004 a 2006 e, ao contrario, queda expressiva nos anos de 2007 e 2008, quando as duas maiores instituicoes de ensino superior da cidade deixaram de exigir o atestado de atualizacao vacinal na matricula. Implicacoes para a enfermagem: Os resultados mostram a importancia da educacao dos adolescentes em saude e, no cenario em questao, a necessidade de a Enfermagem expor os resultados encontrados aos gestores das instituicoes de ensino superior, de modo a sensibiliza-los sobre a importancia de incluir o atestado vacinal entre os documentos exigidos na matricula.
